In a report in the journal Behavioral Ecology, fish learned from watching other fish find food and comparing their success rates.

    發(fā)表在《行為生態(tài)學(xué)》（Behavioral Ecology）雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告稱，魚學(xué)習(xí)尋找食物的方式是通過觀察其它魚以及比較它們的成功率。

    Fish Capable of Judgment Calls

    There's plenty of evidence that animals learn from one another. But until now, it was thought that only humans make judgment calls, such as "that woman seems to be finding more food than that other guy, and she's eating more than I am, so I'll follow her." This ability to selectively follow such cues shows sophisticated social learning.

    Now, scientists say they've found the first animal example of this behavior in a common fish, the nine-spined stickleback. Two-hundred-seventy fish were study subjects. The researchers gave some of the fish access to one feeder stocked with lots of worms and one that didn't. So the fish learned which feeder was best.

    Then the fish watched other fish eat, but the feeders were switched. From their own experience the sticklebacks had learned that feeder A gave more worms, but by watching, they could see that feeder B was now more plentiful.

    And when going back for seconds, they relied on social cues, not their own experiences, and headed over to B. The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology. Another study demonstrating that the idea of the absolute uniqueness of human intelligence may be a bit…fishy.

    魚也有判斷能力

    有大量證據(jù)表明動(dòng)物能互相學(xué)習(xí)。但是直到目前為止，人們認(rèn)為只有人類可以下判斷，比如說這樣的話，"那個(gè)女人似乎比別的家伙能找到更多的食物，她比我吃得更多，因此我要跟著她。"這種有選擇性地跟著線索的能力表明了一種復(fù)雜的社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)能力。

    目前科學(xué)家們說他們第一次在普通的九葉穿柳魚身上找到了動(dòng)物的這種行為。研究人員研究了270條九葉穿柳魚。研究者們讓一些魚接近一個(gè)裝滿許多蟲子的飼料箱和一個(gè)沒有蟲子的飼料箱，因此這些魚知道哪個(gè)飼料箱是最好的食物來源。

    然后讓這些魚看著其它魚進(jìn)食，但是飼料箱調(diào)換了位置。九葉穿柳魚根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)知道飼料箱A有更多的蟲子，但是飼料箱調(diào)換了位置之后，它們能發(fā)現(xiàn)飼料箱B現(xiàn)在的蟲子更多。

    當(dāng)這些魚再回去找食的時(shí)候，它們不是依賴它們自身的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而是依賴周圍的社會(huì)線索，直接奔到B飼料箱。該項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《行為生態(tài)學(xué)》（Behavioral Ecology）雜志上。另外一項(xiàng)研究表明，認(rèn)為人類智慧是絕對(duì)獨(dú)一無二的觀點(diǎn)可能有點(diǎn)令人懷疑了。

    Vocabulary:

    Ecology:生態(tài)學(xué)

    Cue:線索

    Sophisticated:復(fù)雜的；巧妙的；世故的

    Nine-spined stickleback:九葉穿柳魚

    Absolute:絕對(duì)的

    Unique:獨(dú)特的

    Intelligence:智能；智慧

    Fishy:可疑的