Have on Hand for Any Emergency – Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car

為突發(fā)狀況準(zhǔn)備趁手的的應(yīng)急物品：家里、辦公地點、汽車上如何應(yīng)急

Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home, workplace, and car.

因為你不知道地震發(fā)生的時候自己會在哪兒，所以，在家里、辦公地點以及汽車上，都準(zhǔn)備一套抗災(zāi)裝備吧。

【水】

Water. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. A normally active person needs at least ½gallon of water daily just for drinking. In determining adequate quantities, take the following into account:

每人每天至少需儲備1加侖(3.8升)的水，并按此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一次備夠72小時之用。一般情況下，一個活躍的正常人，光飲用，每天就需要消耗1/2加侖(1.9升)的水。為了保證足夠的量，應(yīng)考慮以下因素：

Individual needs vary depending on age, physical condition, activity, diet, and climate.

Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water.

 Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed.

A medical emergency might require more water.

個體需求量因年齡、體質(zhì)、活動量、飲食、氣候等而有差異。

兒童、哺乳期婦女、病人需水量更大。

高溫天氣會使需水量成倍增加。

醫(yī)療緊急情況會需要更多的水。

It is recommended that you buy commercially bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, pay attention to the expiration or "use by" date.

建議你購買一些瓶裝水。不要拆開瓶裝水的原包裝，在必須使用之前不要打開。另外，要注意保質(zhì)期或者最晚飲用日期。

If you choose to prepare your own containers of water, you should buy air-tight, food-grade water storage containers from surplus or camping supply stores. Before filling the containers, clean them with dish washing soap and water, and rinse them completely so that there is no residual soap. Water stored in your own containers should be replaced about every 6 months.

In addition to water, have purification tablets such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure to read the label on the bottle before using the tablets.

如果你準(zhǔn)備用自己的容器裝水，你應(yīng)該從軍用品或者野營用品專門店購買那種不漏氣的、專門儲存食品的盛水容器。在裝水之前，要用餐具專用洗滌劑和水清洗容器，并用水沖凈，以免洗滌劑殘留。容器內(nèi)的水必須每6個月更換一次。除了水之外，還需要一些凈化用的藥片，比如哈拉宗(Halazone)、高碘甘氨酸(Globaline)，但在使用這些藥片之前，一定要先看看瓶子上的標(biāo)簽。(譯者：請向?qū)�業(yè)人士或醫(yī)護(hù)人員資訊上述藥品的使用！)

【食品】

 Food. It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable food on hand that can be rotated into your diet and replenished on a regular basis. Have a sufficient supply of canned or dehydrated food, powdered milk, and canned juices for at least 72 hours. Dried cereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are good sources of nutrition. Keep the following points in mind:

作為一個很實用的主意，應(yīng)經(jīng)常準(zhǔn)備一些不易腐壞的食品以便隨時食用。并可將其加入日常的飲食之中，并定期補充儲備。準(zhǔn)備足夠72小時之用的聽裝食品或脫水食品、奶粉，以及聽裝果汁。干麥片、水果和無鹽干果是很好的營養(yǎng)源。請注意以下幾點：

Avoid foods that will make you thirsty. Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned goods with high liquid content.

Stock foods that do not require refrigeration, cooking, water, or special preparation. You may already have many of these on hand.

Remember to include foods for infants and special dietary needs.

不要選擇那些讓你容易口渴的食品。選擇無鹽餅干、全麥麥片和富含流質(zhì)的罐裝食品。

只儲備無需冷藏、烹飪或特殊處理的食品。類似食品可供選擇的有很多。

別忘了食品中應(yīng)包括嬰兒和特殊飲食需要者的食品。你還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一些廚房用具和炊具，尤其是手動開罐器。

You should also have kitchen accessories and cooking utensils, especially a manual can opener.

【應(yīng)急燈和備用電池】

Flashlights and spare batteries. Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are certain that no gas leaks exist.

在你的床邊、工作地點以及車?yán)锓乓槐K應(yīng)急燈。不要在地震后使用火柴或蠟燭, 除非你能確定沒有瓦斯泄漏。

【便攜式電池供電收音機(jī)或電視機(jī)以及備用電池】

 Portable, battery-powered radio or television and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order or used for emergency purposes, so radios will be your best source of information. You may also want to have a battery-powered CB or other two-way radio.

大多數(shù)電話將會無法使用或只能供緊急用途，所以收音機(jī)將會是你最好的信息來源。如有可能，你還應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備電池供電的收發(fā)報機(jī)和無線對講機(jī)。

【急救箱和急救手冊】

 First aid kit and manual. Keep a first aid kit at home and in your car. Also, have a manual such as Standard First Aid & Personal Safety by the American Red Cross. Have members of your household take basic first aid and CPR courses.

在家里和車?yán)餃?zhǔn)備一個急救箱。同時，備一本由美國紅十字會制作的《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)急救和個人安全手冊》。讓你的家人學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的急救和人工呼吸課程。

【滅火器】

Fire extinguishers. Keep a fire extinguisher at home and in your car. Some extinguishers are good only for certain types of fires — electrical, grease, or gas. Class ABC extinguishers are designed for safe use on any type of fire. Your fire department can show you how to use an extinguisher properly.

在你的家里和車?yán)锒家�配備滅火器。一些滅火器僅適用于特定的火源——電引發(fā)的火災(zāi)，油脂引發(fā)的火災(zāi)，或者煤氣引發(fā)的火災(zāi)等等。ABC(多用途干粉)滅火器可安全使用于任何種類的火源。當(dāng)?shù)叵�防部門可以教你如何正確地使用滅火器。

【特殊用品】

Special needs. Keep a supply of special needs items, such as medications, extra eyeglasses, contact lens solutions, hearing aid batteries, items for infants (formula, diapers, bottles, and pacifiers), sanitation and hygiene items (moist towelettes and toilet paper), and any items unique to your family’s needs.

準(zhǔn)備必要的特殊用品，比如藥品，備用眼鏡，隱形眼鏡護(hù)理液，助聽器電池，嬰兒物品(嬰兒食品、尿布、奶瓶和奶嘴)，衛(wèi)生用品(小濕巾和手紙)等家所須的任何物品。

【重要的文件和現(xiàn)金】

Important papers and cash. Be sure to have a supply of cash for use if ATMs, banks, and credit card systems are not operating. Also, keep copies of credit and identification cards and important documents, such as insurance policies and financial records.

確保在自動取款機(jī)、銀行和信用卡系統(tǒng)癱瘓時，有足夠的現(xiàn)金可用。同時，保留一些信用證明、身份證和一些重要文件的復(fù)印件，比如保險單和財務(wù)記錄。

【工具】

Tools. In addition to a pipe wrench and crescent wrench (for turning off gas and water valves), you should have a lighter, a supply of matches in a waterproof container, and a whistle for signaling rescue workers.

除了準(zhǔn)備一個管鉗和一個可調(diào)扳手(用來關(guān)閉氣閥和水管)，你要有一個打火機(jī)，一盒裝在防水盒子里的火柴和一個用來呼叫援救人員的哨子。

【衣服】

Clothes. If you live in a cold climate, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies. Be sure to have one complete change of clothing and shoes per person, including the following:

如果你所處的地區(qū)天氣寒冷，必須考慮到保暖。地震過后你可能無法取暖。要考慮到你的衣服和睡覺用品。確保每個人有一整套換洗的衣服和鞋子，這包括：

 jacket or coat

long pants

long sleeve shirt

sturdy shoes

hat, mittens or gloves, and scarf

sleeping bag or warm blanket (per person)

茄克衫或外衣

長褲

長袖衫

結(jié)實的鞋

帽子，手套和圍巾

睡袋或暖毯(每人一件)

【寵物用品】

Pet needs. Identify a shelter area for your pet, gather the necessary supplies, ensure that your pet has proper ID and up-to-date veterinarian records, and make sure you have a pet carrier and a leash.

為你的寵物尋找一個安全的地點，準(zhǔn)備一些必需品，確保你的寵物有準(zhǔn)確的身份證明以及最新的獸醫(yī)登記，同時準(zhǔn)備好一個寵物籠和一條皮帶。